Initial titration for people with type 1 diabetes using an artificial pancreas

For people with type 1 diabetes and some 2 diabetes, the problem of insulin titration, i.e. finding an adequate basal rate insulin, is a complex time-consuming task. This paper proposes simple model-free algorithm procedure for fast initial titration in (T1D). A modified proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller (i) updates estimated rate, (ii) administers micro-boli every 5 minutes using glucose measurements from continuous monitor (CGM). bolus calculator mitigates effect meals reduces postprandial peaks. We evaluate performance our system qualitatively numerically virtual clinic 1,000 T1D patients broad inter-patient variability representative real population T1D. let phase run three consecutive days, followed by three-day test newly computed infusion rate. The proposed able to provide safe individualized treatment